Yearly Archives: 2001

E-Democracy Interview with Italian Polix.it – English/Italian Versions – 2001

One my highlights at the Association of Internet Researchers
conference last week was meeting Mattia Miani from Italy.  He has
sent me the text of his paper presentation which you will see on
DO-WIRE later in the week.

His visit reminded me of an online interview (with really tough
questions I might add) we did last summer.  Here is the full text in
English, then Italian.

Steven Clift
Democracies Online

Originally posted at <http://www.polix.it>:

INTERVIEW WITH STEVEN L. CLIFT

Q: Mr Clift, in 1994 you started Minnesota E-Democracy, which is
widely recognized as a successful use of new technology to enhance
democratic discussion in a community. Many other, similar projects
have failed, including public forums promoted by civic groups. What
are the key factors keeping Minnesota E-democracy alive and healthy?

A: Our online forums for civic discussion are the cornerstone of E-
Democracy’s mission to improve democracy through information
networks. Every local community should have its own two-way place for
online citizen-to-citizen discussion. It also helps if this forum has
real political agenda setting power where everyone is a “citizen”
including elected officials and journalists who either participate or
at least follow the discussion.

The key factors to our success are:

A. The use of e-mail lists. The web is way too passive a medium for
organizing sustained civic discussions. People subscribe once to our
forums and have to decide to leave, not decide to visit us each time
they log on.

B. Our e-mail lists are facilitated by volunteer list managers who
are backed up by our forum’s purpose statements, rules, and
guidelines. Our key rule – you may not post more than twice a day.
This keeps the message volume down and increases the number of voices
in the discussion.

C. Reasonable expectations. We are political people. While we are
strictly issue neutral, non-profit and non-partisan we understand
that political and community discourse often involves conflict. We
cherish the clash of ideas and agendas and work to dampen personality
and rigid ideological conflicts which can drive the civic audience
away.

Most failed projects took a “build it they will come attitude” and
skipped our “online commons” step and went straight to step two a web-
based online forums or “online events” focused on a specific issues.
Our one person at a time approach helps create e-citizens not online
ghost towns. We do host labor intensive “online events” like online
candidate debates. Without the foundation of the online commons we
would not have the audience to justify such efforts. My advice –
start with what works and then build from there.

Q: In March 2001 you came to Italy to take part to the Global Forum
on Naples. Which impression did you bring home from this event? And,
by the way, how did you find Italy as far as e-government is
concerned?

A: If only I could have met all the various panelists and
participants. The challenge with large conferences is finding ways
for smaller groups to make new connections. The two things I found
somewhat odd was the large police presence for an “e-government”
conference and collections of new fax machines on tables as if they
were to be used like Internet e-mail terminals or something between
the Royal Palace conference session rooms. While Italy helps lead the
world with mobile phone usage, I get the sense that you have a lot of
opportunity to expand the use of the Internet in daily life.

You have traveled a lot in the past few years all over the world. In
your trips have you noticed any crucial cultural difference in the
usage of the Internet as a political medium?

Yes, I tend to get invited to the most “wired” and democratic places.
I believe the Internet will more dramatically change the politics of
the partly wired, less democratic places because the Internet will be
used out of necessity. The tools people use – e-mail lists, web
sites, SMS, etc. are similar but who and how people use them differ.
Minnesota E-Democracy is not a typical modern day .com American
Internet effort, we connect back to the age of the voluntary
association where people come together to solve problems without
waiting for government or the marketplace.

In Europe, the lack of an affordable at-home consumer Internet access
scheme (i.e. metered local telephone use) makes building an at-home
citizens Internet extremely difficult. The impact of the Internet on
politics seems focused on institutions like government, political
parties, the media and less so on the general public. For all the
talk of “social inclusion” the truth is that your telecommunications
pricing structures are fundamentally exclusive. No level of subsidy
to bridge the digital divide will counter the fact that the meter is
ticking for citizens trying to use the Internet to improve their
communities or access government decision-making information. Perhaps
cable modems and DSL will offer some assistance, but for now focusing
on institutional e-democracy improvements will likely be the European
base of activity.

Q: There has been much talk about the potential of the Internet as an
electoral medium. Do you think that the Internet did matter some way
in the last American election cycle? When will we witness an
“Internet election”?

A: Ask not what role the Internet had on the election, ask instead
what effect the election had on the Internet. Electricity? Does it
favor Democrats or Republicans? Electricity or the Internet, the real
question is how were certain online strategies employed and what
impact did they have compared to others.

The Internet has become the main strategic communications tool behind
the scenes in politics. It is not a medium to sway undecided voters.
It is a medium to organize your supporters, feed them your message
and get out your core vote. It may have an impact on new and less
frequent voters some day, but that seems a long way off. In my home
state of Minnesota, I claimed that Jesse Ventura could not have been
elected Governor -without- the Internet. It was their field
operation. They had little money and no other viable option. Jesse
Ventura, like John McCain are “made for Internet” candidates just as
Ronald Reagan was made for television. No candidate that I am aware
of has ever won -because- of the Internet.

Q: Would you point to us a single successful example of the usage of
the Internet as a tool to foster communication between citizens and
government, be it local or central?

A: The most dynamic example from Minnesota E-Democracy is our
Minneapolis Issues Forum where over 500 people discuss local issues
everyday. It has become the number one city-based public agenda
setting forum. It is as important as the local mass media in my
opinion (but only if the media transfers our discussion themes to the
broader public). One of our goals is to bring new voices into the
forum from immigrant and less represented communities. With people
campaigning for mayor on our forum and journalists grabbing story
ideas it is important that more and more people and community groups
join us and raise their voices. You can explore the forum directly
from <http://www.e-democracy.org/mpls/> and read my “A Wired Agora”
presentation from <http://www.publicus.net> for full details.

Q: In Italy, Mr Silvio Berlusconi, our new premier, has just
appointed a special minister in charge for e-government and
technological innovation, Mr Lucio Stanca, a former IBM CEO. He will
oversee all the process of modernization of the public administration
in Italy in the next years. Which piece of advice would you give to a
person in Stanca’s position?

A: Join me as a “radical incrementalist.” Large organizations shoot
for the moon, get half-way and think they have failed. As far as I
can tell the Internet progresses based on small incremental steps.
Design e-government in the same way. Create a strong, radical vision
for what e-government can be, and then take lots of baby steps.
Provide the political cover to the e-government workers in the
trenches who know how to do the job and knock the barriers out of
their way.

Do not waste your time on some top-down “master plan” that is out-
dated before it is finished. Like the Australian government, develop
surveys and other mechanisms to promote knowledge-sharing and
accountability
<http://www.mail-archive.com/do-wire@tc.umn.edu/msg00229.html>. If
you don’t have a baseline or set numeric goals then the bottom-up
approach will not have the motivation to work and not much will
change. However, when it comes to online navigation and directories
of government as a whole, central leadership and resources are
required to pull the e-government mess together for the citizen end-
users.

Q: A word about a topic that has become fashionable lately: e-voting
or Internet voting. Is allowing people voting trough the Internet, at
home – the “true” e-vote – a solution for the malaise modern
democracies are experiencing?

A: The Internet is not inherently democratic. Without democratic
intent these powerful tools will just be left to the online shopping
malls and entertainment sites. I do not believe that Internet voting
or convenience will reverse the malaise on their own. When the vast
majority of people come to trust online voting (which will take about
a decade longer than the technology) it will only represent five
percent of the “e-democracy” experience. Luckily we can build that in
between elections with online governance and citizen participation
now.

Q: Sometimes you say that most people are “emailing alone”. What do
you mean with this expression? And what stops people from emailing
“together”?

A: Robert Putman, a Harvard academic, wrote the book Bowling Alone.
It noted that while people in the U.S. bowl more often, they do it
with friends and family and less often as part of organized league
play. Think about your own e-mail use. You tend to e-mail friends,
family, and co-workers in private settings. This is particularly true
with most new Internet users – they got online to trade e-mail with
their family and friends and probably NOT their neighbors or members
of their broader local community. In the political arena ninety-nine
percent of online communication is private. I want to add an element
of public space to this environment where people expect to find two-
way public Internet forums where they can talk reasonably about
local, regional, national, and global affairs. The more local and
regional element is my starting point, because discussion at that
level can have a real impact on public agenda-setting and decision-
making. I am very concerned about private e-mail flooding elected
officials and the lack of opportunities for citizens to hold each
other accountable for their views and ideas. To get people to e-mail
together we must make it easier to find useful and well-promoted
forums that matter in the real world.

By Mattia Miani
Polix

26/06/2001 10:00

*** Italian Version ***

I CONSIGLI DI STEVE CLIFT A LUCIO STANCA

Ogni disciplina ha I suoi guru. Uno degli indiscussi guru della
democrazia elettronica è Steve Clift. Originario del Minnesota, Stati
Uniti, nel 1994 Clift fu fra i fondatori di Minnesota E-Democracy, un
progetto indipendente nato per stimolare la partecipazione dei
cittadini nel dibattito pubblico attraverso gli strumenti propri di
Internet: il web e la posta elettronica.

In questa intervista Clift condivide con noi la sua visione sullo
sviluppo dell’e-government: un approccio incrementale e reali
possibilità di impatto sulla vita reale on-line. E non mancano le
critiche alla via Europea a Internet: troppo focalizzata sulle
istituzioni e poco riguardosa delle implicazioni delle tariffe dei
servizi di telecomunicazione sull’uso politico della rete.

Il testo dell’intervista è anche disponibile anche in lingua inglese.

Nel 1994 lei fondò il progetto buy real ativan online della Minnesota E-Democracy che è oggi
largamente riconosciuto come un caso esemplare di applicazione delle
nuove tecnologie ai processi di discussione democratica a livello
locale. Molti studiosi hanno rilevato che simili progetti sono
regolarmente falliti (mi riferisco a tutti i forum on-line proposti
dalle reti civiche per offrire spazi di discussione su temi di
rilevanza pubblica). Quali sono i fattori che mantengono Minnesota E-
Democracy in vita e in buona salute?

I nostri forum on-line di discussione su temi pubblici sono il
cardine della missione di E-Democracy di migliorare la democrazia
attraverso le reti computerizzate. Ogni comunità locale dovrebbe
avere il proprio spazio bidirezionale per consentire la discussione
fra cittadini (citizen-to-citizen). È anche di aiuto se un simile
forum ha un reale potere di influenzare l’agenda politica in un
contesto dove ognuno è un “cittadino”, compresi i politici eletti e i
giornalisti che partecipano o almeno seguono la discussione.

I fattori chiave del nostro successo sono:

1. L’uso di mailing list. Il web è un medium troppo passivo per
organizzare discussioni sostenute su temi pubblici. Una volta che una
persona si è iscritta a un nostro forum essa deve prendere la
decisione di abbandonarci, non di visitarci ogni volta che va on-
line.

2. Le nostre mailing list sono animate da list manager volontari che
sono sostenuti nel loro lavoro dalla dichiarazione d’intenti del
forum, le sue regole e linee guida. La nostra regola chiave: nessuno
può contribuire con più di due messaggi al giorno. Questo sistema
mantiene contenuto il volume dei messaggi e aumenta il numero di voci
nella discussione.

3. Aspettative ragionevoli. Noi siamo persone che sentono molto la
politica. Mentre siamo strettamente neutrali sui temi dibattuti,
nonprofit e non allineati, ci rendiamo conto che la discussione su
temi politici e rilevanti per la comunità spesso comporta una certa
dose di conflitto. Diamo il benvenuto allo scontro di idee e agende e
lavoriamo per smorzare manie di protagonismo e rigidi conflitti
ideologici che possono far scappare il pubblico.

La maggioranza dei progetti falliti si pose con l’atteggiamento di
“lo costruisco e loro verranno” e saltò la nostra fase degli “on-line
commons” per precipitarsi alla fase successiva, forum on-line
accessibili su web o “eventi on-line” focalizzati su temi specifici.

Il nostro approccio di concentrarci su una persona alla volta aiuta a
creare “e-citizen” e non città fantasma on-line. Ospitiamo anche
“eventi on-line” molto dispendiosi in termini di lavoro come, ad
esempio, dibattiti fra candidati. Senza la fondamenta degli “on-line
commons” non avremmo il pubblico per giustificare simili sforzi. Il
mio consiglio: cominciate con quello che funziona e allora crescete a
partire da quello.

Nel marzo 2001 lei è venuto in Italia per partecipare al Global Forum
di Napoli. Che impressione le ha lasciato questo evento? Come ha
trovato l’Italia in materia di e-government, il tema principale del
forum?

Se solo avessi potuto incontrare tutti i diversi conferenzieri e
partecipanti! La sfida di conferenze così grandi è trovare modi per
consentire a gruppi più ristretti di stabilire nuovi contatti. Le due
cose che ho trovato per certi versi anomale sono state il grande
dispiegamento di forze dell’ordine per una conferenza sull’e-
government e schiere di fax nuovi sui tavoli come se dovessero essere
usati come terminali per connettersi a Internet e mandare e-mail o
qualcosa del genere, sparsi fra le stanze del Palazzo Reale destinate
alle conferenze. Quanto all’Italia, mentre essa è sicuramente in
testa al mondo con l’uso di terminali telefonici portatili, ho avuto
la sensazione che avete ancora molte opportunità per allargare l’uso
di Internet nella vita di tutti i giorni.

Lei ha viaggiato in tutto il mondo negli ultimi anni. Ha notato
differenze culturali rilevanti nell’uso di Internet come mezzo di
comunicazione politica?

In effetti tendo a essere invitato nei luoghi più “connessi” e
democratici. Credo che Internet cambierà in modo drammatico la
politica dei Paesi meno connessi e meno democratici perché Internet
sarà usata come una necessità. Gli strumenti usati (e-mail, siti web,
Sms, ecc.) sono simili, ma le persone e il modo di usarli cambiano.
Minnesota E-Democracy non è una tipica dotcom in stile americano,
piuttosto siamo legati all’epoca dell’associazionismo volontaristico,
in cui le persone si mettevano insieme per risolvere problemi senza
aspettare l’intervento del governo o il mercato.

In Europa, la mancanza di piani tariffari per l’accesso domestico a
Internet a basso costo (mi riferisco alla presenza delle tariffe
urbane a tempo) rende estremamente difficile la costruzione di un
Internet al servizio dei cittadini nelle loro case. L’impatto di
Internet sulla politica sembra concentrato intorno a istituzioni
quali il governo, i partiti politici, i media e solo in secondo piano
intorno al pubblico generalista. Nonostante tutto il parlare di
inclusione sociale, la verità è che le strutture di prezzo delle
vostre telecomunicazioni sono fondamentalmente esclusive. Nessuna
erogazione di sussidi per combattere il divario digitale potrà mai
controbilanciare il fatto che il contatore degli scatti continua a
scorrere per i cittadini intenti a usare Internet per migliorare le
loro comunità o per accedere a informazione sulle decisioni del
governo. Forse modem via cavo e DSL saranno di qualche aiuto, ma,
allo stato attuale, concentrarsi su miglioramenti nelle forme
istituzionali di e-democracy sarà probabilmente la base europea di
attività.

C’è stato molto discorrere sul potenziale di Internet come strumento
di lotta elettorale. Pensa che la rete abbia giocato un ruolo
significativo nelle ultime elezioni americane? Quando assisteremo a
un elezione in cui Internet sarà davvero protagonista?

Bisogna domandarsi non che ruolo Internet abbia avuto nell’elezione,
bensì che effetto l’elezione ha avuto su Internet. Elettricità?
Favorisce Democratici o Repubblicani? Elettricità o Internet, la vera
domanda è in che modo certe strategie on-line sono state impiegate e
che impatto hanno avuto rispetto alle altre.

In politica, Internet è diventata il principale strumento strategico
di comunicazione dietro le quinte. Non è un mezzo per conquistare
elettori indecisi. È un mezzo per organizzare i tuoi sostenitori,
alimentarli con i tuoi messaggi e mobilitare la tua base. Un giorno
potrà avere un impatto sugli elettori nuovi o su quelli meno
frequenti, ma siamo ancora molto lontani. Ho sostenuto che nel mio
stato, il Minnesota, Jesse Ventura non avrebbe potuto essere eletto
Governatore senza Internet. Essa rappresentò il loro campo operativo.
La sua campagna aveva poco denaro e nessun’altra realistica
alternativa. Jesse Ventura, come John McCain, sono candidati “fatti
per Internet” proprio come Ronald Reagan era fatto per la
televisione. Nessun candidato di cui abbia conoscenza ha mai vinto
solo grazie a Internet.

Ci potrebbe indicare un esempio di uso effettivo di Internet come
mezzo per stimolare la comunicazione tra i cittadini e il governo,
sia esso locale o centrale?

L’esempio più dinamico da Minnesota E-Democracy è il nostro forum
dedicato ai temi di Minneapolis, in cui oltre 500 persone discutono
argomenti locali ogni giorno. È diventato il forum cittadino di
definizione dell’agenda pubblica numero uno. Ritengo che abbia la
stessa importanza dei media locali (ma solo se i media trasferiscono
i temi della nostra discussione al largo pubblico). Uno dei nostri
obiettivi è portare nuove voci nel forum, provenienti da immigrati e
altre comunità meno rappresentate. Con individui intenti a fare
campagna elettorale per l’elezione di sindaco sul nostro forum e
giornalisti pronti ad afferrare idee per le loro storie è importante
che un numero sempre maggiore di persone e comunità si unisca a noi e
alzi la propria voce. Potete esplorare il forum direttamente da
questo indirizzo internet http://www.e-democracy.org/mpls/ e leggere
la mia presentazione dal titolo “A Wired Agora” sul mio sito
personale per avere tutti i dettagli.

In Italia Silvio Berlusconi, il nostro nuovo premier, ha nominato un
ministro con il compito specifico di coordinare l’introduzione dei
servizi di e-government e l’innovazione tecnologica nel nostro Paese,
Lucio Stanca, top manager della IBM. Che consiglio darebbe a una
persona nella posizione di Lucio Stanca?

Seguitemi come un “incrementalista radicale”. Grandi organizzazioni
hanno mirato molto alto, alla Luna come si dice, sono arrivate solo a
metà e pensano di aver fallito. Per quanto mi riguarda, posso dire
che Internet progredisce sulla base di piccoli passi incrementali.
Progettate l’e-government allo stesso modo. Create una solida e
radicale visione su cosa l’e-government può essere e quindi
intraprendete numerosi piccoli passi (baby steps). Sostenete
politicamente gli operativi dell’e-government, quelli in prima linea,
che sanno come fare il loro compito e abbattere le barriere che si
incontrano. Non perdete tempo con “master plan” calati dall’alto che
diventano obsoleti prima che siano completati. Come il governo
Australiano, sviluppate sondaggi e altri meccanismi per promuovere la
condivisione delle conoscenze e la responsabilizzazione. Se non avete
una base o un insieme di obiettivi quantificabili, allora un
approccio dal basso in alto (bottom-up) non avrà la motivazione di
lavorare e non cambierà molto. Comunque, quando in gioco c’è la
navigazione on-line e le directory del governo nel suo complesso, una
leadership centrale e le relative risorse sono indispensabili per
mettere ordine nella confusione dei servizi di e-government per i
cittadini utenti finali.

Una parola su un tema che è divenuto di moda negli ultimi tempi: l’e-
voting o voto su Internet. Far votare la gente da casa attraverso
Internet – la forma più estrema di e-vote – è davvero la soluzione
per l’apatia e lo stato di diffuso malessere in cui si trovano le
moderne democrazie?

Internet non è di per sé democratica. Senza uno spirito democratico,
questi potenti strumenti saranno lasciati ai centri commerciali on-
line e ai siti di intrattenimento. Non credo che il voto su Internet
o maggiore convenienza rovesceranno lo stato di malessere da soli.
Quando la stragrande maggioranza delle persone arriverà a fidarsi del
voto on-line (il che richiederà circa un decennio in più di quanto
non ci metterà la tecnologia) esso rappresenterà solo il 5%
dell’esperienza democratica. Fortunatamente, possiamo costruire
questa esperienza tra le elezioni con forme di governo on-line e la
partecipazione dei cittadini ora.

A volte lei ripete che l’uso di Internet da parte della maggioranza
delle persone può essere dipinto dall’espressione “e-mailing alone”.
Ci vuole dire cosa intende con questa espressione? E cosa bisogna
fare perché Internet diventi un fenomeno maggiormente collettivo?

Robert Putnam, un accademico di Harvard, ha scritto un libro
intitolato “Bowling Alone”. Putnam ha notato che negli Stati Uniti,
mentre le persone vanno al bowling più spesso, esse tendono a farlo
con gli amici e la famiglia e meno spesso nell’ambito di
organizzazioni.

Pensate all’uso che fate dell’e-mail. Si tende a inviare messaggi a
amici, la famiglia e i colleghi in contesti privati. Questo vale
particolarmente per molti dei nuovi utenti di Internet: queste
persone sono andate on-line per scambiare l’indirizzo di posta
elettronica con le loro famiglie e amici e probabilmente non con i
loro vicini o componenti della più vasta comunità locale.

Nell’arena politica, il 99% della comunicazione on-line è privata.
Voglio che si aggiunga una caratterizzazione di spazio pubblico a
questo ambiente dove le persone si aspettino di trovare forum
pubblici bidirezionali basati su Internet in cui possano parlare
ragionevolmente sui problemi locali, regionali, nazionali e globali.
Il fattore maggiormente locale e regionale è il mio punto di
partenza, perché la discussione a quel livello può avere un reale
impatto sulla definizione dell’agenda pubblica e sulle decisioni.
Sono molto preoccupato del sovraccarico di e-mail private a cui sono
soggetti i politici eletti e della mancanza di opportunità per i
cittadini di tracciare le responsabilità degli uni e degli altri in
merito alle loro vedute e idee.

Per avere la gente intenta “a spedire e-mail insieme” dobbiamo fare
in modo che l’uso di Internet venga percepito come utile e promuovere
forum che abbiano un peso nel mondo reale.

Intervista e traduzione di Mattia Miani

Vogliamo ringraziare la squadra di www.p4rgaming.com/blog/elo-boosting per sponsorizzare questo post.

27/06/2001 10:00

The Net Response – Using the Internet in Response to 9/11 – By Steven Clift – 2001

From:            Steven Clift <clift@publicus.net>
Subject:         The Net Response - What you can do online to help and respond
Send reply to:   clift@publicus.net
Date sent:       Thu, 13 Sep 2001 13:40:51 -0500
 

                                     -- Please Forward -->

The Net Response

By Steven Clift
http://www.publicus.net
Future updates: netresponse-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
 

During this time of great tragedy now is the time to use
all the tools we have available to help the families of the
missing, the dead and injured survivors.  We need to come
together as communities within our nation and nations
around the world as we respond and care for one another.

You can do something right now via the Internet from your
home and place of work as well as donate blood, money, and
time to relief efforts.  Use the Internet as a simple
communication tool to provide mutual benefit and support to
others in this crisis and help build the bonds required to
deal with what comes next.  Bringing people together and
strengthening the bonds of family, friendship, and
neighbors is step one, online and in-person.

Step two is to use the Internet to gain insight and
understanding on a global basis so we can more effectively
respond and change the environment that motivates terrorism.
While our governments, intelligence operations, and armies
will respond with great force, we as humans can do our part
one person at a time.

The cornerstone of your action is the creation of different
kinds of e-mail group lists. You can create a free e-mail
lists in minutes from websites like YahooGroups
<http://groups.yahoo.com/>, Topica <http://topica.com>, and
others.  An e-mail list allows you to exchange messages
through one e-mail address (i.e. myfamily@yahoogroups.com)
among a group of members subscribed to the list.  E-mail
can be private or public and lists may be set-up to deliver
one-way announcements or allow open discussion.  If you
create a public e-mail list, send me an announcement
netresponse@publicus.net that I can share with others.

Take action now by creating an e-mail list for:

  1. Your Family - Create an e-mail group list for your
  extended family.  E-mail lists will help you communicate
  as a family group in an easy and convenient manner.
  Step one is to collect all of your family member
  addresses. You should do this whether this directly
  affected your family or not.

  2. Friends - Create an e-mail list for friends who want
  to provide mutual support to each other and families of
  those who are missing, confirmed dead, or survivors who
  need assistance.  Of course, any group of friends can
  create a list to support the needs of any shared friend
  in any difficult life situation or simply to make group
  contact easy across the country, town, or world.

  3. Neighbors - Whether for the people who live on your
  block, your larger neighborhood or entire town, e-mail
  forums you should build an e-mail list in the common
  interest for community conversation.  These forums are
  technically like all those global special interest
  discussion forums, but instead are local and general in
  nature.  When a community is in crisis, it needs a forum
  that people can turn to for immediate many-to-many
  communication.  At the very local level we need the
  protection of neighbors who communicate with one another
  and the Internet can help buy ativan online reviews break that ice required to
  rebuild the in-person connections required to survive.  I
  run an e-mail list for my neighborhood, so can you.  If
  we see suspicious activity in our neighborhoods, we need
  the bonds to discover and report such activity to the
  appropriate authorities.  Building trust among neighbors
  is a key building block for local safety and security.
  See my related article on Building the Online Commons
  <http://e-democracy.org/do/commons.html> for more advice.

  4. Area Response to Attacks - One way to help coordinate
  tributes and the response in your country (many of those
  missing are citizens of many countries), state, or city,
  is to create special e-mail lists for communication among
  those seeking to aid the recovery or those who want to
  respond.  Such forums can be created to deal with local
  issues such as helping traumatized children, organizing
  rallies and memorial services, or dealing with local
  discrimination and acts not in the spirit of domestic
  tolerance.

  5. Share News, Information and Views - Through e-mail
  lists like the Sept11info@yahoogroups.com set up
  voluntarily by Andy Carvin
  <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sept11info> thousands of
  people are sharing breaking news and in-depth resources
  that allow us to gain deeper insights into what is
  happening.  My own site <http://www.politicalbs.com>
  provides quick links to additional web-based political
  discussion forums and to government and media sources
  around the world. As the United States and its allies
  develop their response, the Internet will be used on a
  global basis to share news and information unlike never
  before.  This and e-mail lists that you create will allow
  people to communicate directly and unmediated around the
  world.  We will be able to interact directly with those
  in the Middle East and read their news just as they can
  watch and read ours.  Nothing will break down the highly
  propagandistic mass media in some countries or even our
  own as military action is taken.  That is not that point.
  The challenge for us is to use the Internet to build
  direct human connection among the vast majority of
  moderate and reasonable individuals in all countries so
  we can learn as much as we can about the motivations of
  terrorists and how to most effectively attack and cut off
  the support for those organizations and ideologies.

However you respond to recent events, the Internet can play
a useful and practical role.  That said, the Internet is
only a small part of what we all can and should do.  Events
like these help us appreciate our families and friends and
what really matters in this world.  By organizing online we
can more quickly respond to what is next and hopefully help
control our own destiny.

Finally, if you are interested in ways we can use the
Internet to deal with this situation, join my low volume
NetResponse e-mail list and stay tuned for future updates.
To subscribe send a message to
<netresponse-subscribe@yahoogroups.com>. If you are
technically involved in any existing relief, response, or
media efforts or if you want to contribute your ideas,
advanced technical and programming skills, or your
technical infrastructure, join the NetResponse Technical
working group by sending an e-mail to
<netresponse-tech-subscribe@yahoogroups.com>.

Enhancing E-Democracy in Our Communities – By Steven Clift – 2001

Enhancing E-Democracy in Our Communities

Prepared for the Cities of Tomorrow Conference, March 2001

By Steven Clift

Follow this e-democracy recipe and your community will strengthen its local democracy. It can become a world leader in the future of not just e-democracy, but also a figure in the future history of democracy.

1. Take a community-wide approach. E-Democracy is neither just an e-government activity nor something to get to after you figure out online service delivery. Determine if the political will or imperative to open up citizen participation and improve the effectiveness of community and governmental agenda-setting and decision-making exists. E-Democracy is not just another word for good public relations after decisions are taken.

2. Bring community actors together. Develop a shared e-democracy vision. Understand who needs to do what and how linkages can be developed among the efforts of different community organizations to achieve common goals. Some of the community actors that immediately come to mind include governments, elected officials, political parties, media, citizen groups, universities and schools, major commercial and non-commercial local Internet sites. While online advocacy often involves the use of the Internet by citizen groups to protest government decisions, e-democracy is about working together to establish an early warning system that allows broader participation in public agenda setting.

3. Determine e-government participation. Government must take its portion of the broader “e-democracy” seriously. Government can be a leader by Internet-enabling existing representative processes. They must also create new citizen involvement opportunities, such as well-structured online government-run consultations, now uniquely possible because of the Internet. Read the Top Ten E-Democracy To Do List for Government (print out this Top Ten article with this article – they go together).

4. Start an Online Commons. Create or encourage the creation of an interactive online public commons in your community. Based on my decade of e-democracy experience, a facilitated online commons i want to buy lorazepam adds the most sustained democratic value to a local community. I highly recommend well defined use of an e-mail list with a charter, rules, and guidelines to keep discussions focused on local topics and that limit the number of posts submitted per person to no more than two a day. You need e-mail to keep the group together, but need to keep the daily message volume down to maintain the size of the participatory audience. This forum should be “of” the broader community and not controlled by anyone agenda or a single existing institution. Try creating a new community coalition designed to host the forum and the right person(s) to serve as an online facilitator. If you read my Start an Online Public Commons article you will find that community recruitment is the essential activity required to give a forum life. Build it and they will never come unless you tell them that it is there.

5. Develop community navigation online. Don’t just promote local connectivity and bandwidth development so your citizens spend all their time going to the world while losing touch with their community. Develop community-wide “public portal” web sites. These well organized, frequently updated, Yahoo-like sites make it easy to navigate your community online. Whether is finding a government service, joining a local citizen group, or interacting in the online public commons, if a citizen can’t find it, it doesn’t really exist. Build these in partnership with other organizations and launch a community linking campaign. Let people come home via the Internet.

Related Articles by Steven Clift

Top Ten E-Democracy “To Do List” for Governments Around the World – http://publicus.net/articles/egovten.html
Start an Online Commonshttp://www.e-democracy.org/do/commons.html
A Wired Agorahttp://www.publicus.net/articles/agora.html
Top Ten Tips for Wired Elected Officialshttp://publicus.net/articles/weos.html
E-Democracy E-Bookhttp://www.publicus.net/ebook/

Also see the article by Steve Kranz, E-Democracy Thrives in Winona
http://onlinedemocracy.winona.org/startup.html

Government Online Consultations – Clift Presentation to Global Forum – By Steven Clift – 2001

Below is the a written version of my remarks to the Global Forum in Naples in March.  The new bit is a text version of my advice to governments hosting online consultations.

Global Forum
http://www.globalforum.it
Presented March 2001

Track: Governance Issues in the Online Era

Session: E-Democracy, transparency and consultation in policy making

Presentor: Steven Clift (with Democracies Online, Minnesota E-Democracy and a Consultant to the Markle Foundation for Web White & Blue)

E-Democracy is not E-Government.  E-Democracy is part of E-Government, but also sum of the parts of all the sectors of democracy.  The sectors of democracy we need to encourage “e-democracy” activity include:

1. Government – Both the administrative and representative sides of government

2. Media and Portals Online – Online versions of traditional media and major starting points on the Internet

3. Political Parties and Campaigns – Online campaigning for votes and political support

4. Advocacy and Lobbying – Interest group use of the Internet to organize against or in support of a specific issue or cause

5. Internet Infrastructure and Technical Development – Inherently political choices in technical design, pricing, and standards that effect e-democracy options

6. Networked Civil Society – Organized, non-partisan, non-profit efforts that uniquely use the Internet to build from the online efforts of the incumbent “democratic” sectors

7. E-Citizens – Must expect and use e-democracy in their everyday life, demand side is critical not just the supply of political content

With a full map of the e-democracy landscape, it is then possible for governments and e-government specifically to plot out its essential role. The key is to build incremental efforts that can be built in a reasonable amount of time and be celebrated as real ways for citizens to better understand, engage, and influence their government and democracy as a whole.  A full exploration of the various sectors, with examples, is available online at <http://www.publicus.net/ebook>.

Power to the Powerful?

Let’s be honest.  Power is most often based on the information you control and the message you spin through mass media.  Why would any government seek to increase transparency and consultation in the policy process via the Internet when it seems so risky.  I could make the legitimacy argument, it holds weight.  Ultimately the goal of e-democracy should be to actually improve the outcomes of the policy process.  It should be used to help improve the lives of our citizens, communities, nations, and the world as a whole.  That is our challenge.  Can slapping up an interactive web board on your government site do that?  Perhaps not, but if we each see our work as part of an overall cross-society e-democracy strategy it we will make a difference.

E-Democracy for Government

E-Governance?  What does that mean?  When I map out e-democracy, I take the “e-democracy activities” of the first five sectors (Government, Parties, Media, Advocacy, Internet) and place them as circles on a page. I then combine E-Citizens and Networked Civil Society efforts in a single overlapping sixth circle.  From my direct interactive experience in Minnesota, civic efforts are the essential component and multiplier effect that generates deeper activities throughout the sectors. It helps create online places for e-citizens that matter in real world politics and governance.

E-Governance could be viewed as the place where E-Citizens and E-Government overlap.  It is the place where government and citizens can use the Internet within existing political processes to build better policy solutions and legitimacy.  To that end I have developed a “Top Ten E-Democracy ‘To Do’ List for Governments Around the World.” It is complemented by the “Top Ten Tips for Wired Elected Officials” and soon by a top ten list for E-Citizens.  The full text of available articles are online from: <http://www.publicus.net>.

In summary, E-Government’s “E-Democracy” efforts should:

1. Announce all public meetings online in a systematic and reliable way.

2. Put “Democracy Buttons” on the top pages of government web sites.

3. Implement service democracy with comment forms, surveys, and usability studies.

4. End the “Representative Democracy Online Deficit” by investing in Internet use by elected and appointed officials, not just e-government services.

5. Internet-enable existing representative and governance processes.

6. Embrace the two-way nature of the Internet and encourage information dissemination through personalization.

7. Hold government sponsored online consultations.

8. Develop e-democracy legislation to change laws and seek funding required to take full advantage of the information age in democracy.

9. Educate elected officials on the use of the Internet in their representative work.

10. Create open source democracy online software applications and share them among governments and others.

Government Sponsored Online Consultations

As a conclusion to this presentation, let me focus a bit more on government sponsored online consultations.  This is one of the more exciting opportunities for E-Citizens and E-Government to interact with one another.  Activity in the United Kingdom, Canada, The Netherlands and Sweden is leading the way.  Having viewed a number of these events and with my own involvement in the Markle Foundation’s Web White & Blue Online Presidential Debate and other online civic events, I’d like to make the following recommendations:

1. Don’t have an open-ended online consultation like this … “Is anyone here?  Hello.  Where is the government?  Are we just talking to each other?”

2. Develop time-based, asynchronous online consultations that last two to four weeks.  Consider complementing in-person consultations on the same topic.  Ensure that the event is designed to have a real impact on the policy process (often early in the process, not here is what we decided what do you think?). Don’t do this for show.

3. Create a structured online event with specific roles, panelists, and support documents as you would for an in-person event.  (Online consultations can be as much work and in-person events, you just don’t have travel and other physical considerations.  It may or may not cost as much to be done right. Spend your “savings” on #6.)

4. Encourage citizens to become educated on the public policy issues at hand with access to detailed information as well as concise summaries. Ensure broad public interaction with top decision-makers, policy and research staff, and horizontal engagement among all participating based on this common information.

5. Understand the strengths and limits of online consultations. The strengths are that people may participate on their own time from just about anywhere.  The limits are the lack of time to participate on a regular basis, differing levels of access (place, speed, cost), and limited social cues and informal social networking so important an in-person events. Any online consultation plan should address these concerns in the design phase.

6. Recruit. Promote. Recruit. Promote.  Never open an online consultation without the bulk of your intended participatory audience signed up ahead of time. At a minimum, create a one-way e-mail announcement list that you can use prepare your participants for the event and use that list to send event highlights and reminders to the group during the consultation.  Most of your registrants will visit the web site once, explore for a few minutes, perhaps post a comment or question, and then never come back again.  Not that they didn’t like your event.  The problem is that they keep forgetting to make the affirmative choice to visit your site.  Once they fall behind, they won’t invest the time to catch up.  You must get highlights, if not the substance of the event into e-mail boxes of your participants through opt-in strategies.

7. Embrace the diversity of opinions, perspectives, and geographic participation the Internet enables.  Develop ways to channel the “sound off” citizen protest into more open spaces on your consultation in order to maintain the value of the most policy-related dialogue.

8. Ensure a quick response from top level decision-makers and clear management permissions for direct civil servant participation.  Allow government staff, particularly those running the consultation, to handle informational and less controversial queries.  Ensure that staff actively participate and share information on a proactive basis. Have a process to identify and generate a top decision-maker response to more controversial questions and topics within 24 to 48 hours. Make this policy clear and stick to it throughout your consultation.

Conclusion

Government-sponsored online consultation is a part of E-Democracy, E-Government, and E-Governance.  By understanding the broader E-Democracy environment, e-government can charge ahead and work to do its part while also supporting efforts across the sectors of democracy.